Used primarily for structural testing where the loads do not transition through zero. These actuators are also available with longer displacements. Both ends are usually swivel mounts.
Used for structural testing where equal force capacity for tension and compression is important. Both ends are usually swivel mounts.
Used for structural testing where there are side-loads. Note that these actuators are also double-ended. Both ends are usually swivel mounts.
Used for vibration testing where there are side-loads, and the base is bolted directly to ground. Note that these actuators are also double-ended. A head-expander is usually attached to the piston rod.